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 1967–Physicist, Robert J. Oppenheimer, creator of the atomic bomb, dies of cancer in Princeton, New Jersey, at age 62. The first atomic bomb was detonated on July 16, 1945, in the Trinity test in New Mexico. Oppenheimer remarked later that it brought to mind words from the Bhagavad Gita: "Now I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds."
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 BC 3102–Origin of the Kali Era (the Kali Yuga) in India. This is the lowest portion (between the end of “involution” and the beginning of “evolution”) for human experience in the current period of Manifestation.
BC 259–Chinese Emperor, Qin Shi Huang, is born Ying Zheng in China.
999–Pope Gregory V dies suddenly in Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire, at age 27.
1229–In the Sixth Crusade, Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, signs a 10-year truce with al-Kamil, regaining Jerusalem, Nazareth, and Bethlehem with neither military engagements nor support from the papacy.
1268–The Livonian Order is defeated by Dovmont of Pskov in the Battle of Rakvere.
1294–Mongol Emperor, Kublai Khan, dies in Dadu (Khanbaliq), at age 78.
1332–Amda Seyon I, Emperor of Ethiopia, begins his campaigns in the southern Muslim provinces.
1478–George, Duke of Clarence, is convicted of treason against his older brother, Edward IV of England, and is executed in private at the Tower of London.
1516–Mary I England, first reigning Queen of Great Britain, is born at the Palace of Placentia in Greenwich, England. Her executions of Protestants led to the posthumous label of "Bloody Mary." She was the only child of Henry VIII and his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, to survive to adulthood.
1535–Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa, magician, astrologer, and theologian, dies in Grenoble, Kingdom of France, at age 48.
 1546–Religious reformer, Martin Luther, who started the Lutheran religion, dies after a long period of illness in Eisleben, Saxony, Holy Roman Empire, at age 62. He was a German friar (Observant Augustinian), Catholic priest, professor of theology, and seminal figure of the 16th-century movement in Christianity known later as the Protestant Reformation.
1564–Renaissance master, Michelangelo Buonarroti, dies in Rome, Papal States, at age 88. He was a sculptor, painter, architect, and poet. His works include David, Pieta, and the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.
1587–Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots (1560-1587), is beheaded at age 44.
1626–Scientist, Francesco Redi, is born in Arezzo, Italy. He demonstrated that maggots were not spontaneously generated, but actually came from the eggs of flies. Many historians and scientists consider him the “father of modern parasitology” and the founder of experimental biology.
1637–In the Eighty Years' War, off the coast of Cornwall, England, a Spanish fleet intercepts an important Anglo-Dutch merchant convoy of 44 vessels escorted by six warships, destroying or capturing 20 of them.
1712–Louis, Dauphin of France, Duke of Burgundy, dies of measles at Château de Marly in Marly, France, at age 29.
1745–The city of Surakarta, Central Java, is founded on the banks of the Bengawan Solo River, becoming the capital of the Kingdom of Surakarta.
 1745–Count Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta, inventor of the battery, is born in Como, Duchy of Milan (present-day Italy).
1766–A mutiny by captive Malagasy begins at sea on the slave ship Meermin, leading to the ship's destruction on Cape Agulhas in (present-day) South Africa.
1781–Captain Thomas Shirley opens his expedition against Dutch colonial outposts on the Gold Coast of Africa (present-day Ghana).
1791–U.S. Congress passes a law admitting the state of Vermont to the Union, effective March 4, 1791, after that state had existed for 14 years as a de facto independent largely unrecognized state.
1797–In the French Revolutionary Wars, Sir Ralph Abercromby and a fleet of 18 British warships invade Trinidad.
1836–Hindu leader and mystic, Swami Ramakrishna, is born Gadadhar Chattopadhyay in Kamarpukur, Bengal Presidency, British India (present-day West Bengal, India). His religious school of thought led to the formation of the Ramakrishna Mission by his chief disciple, Swami Vivekananda.
1841–A continuous filibuster in the U.S. Senate begins, lasting until March 11th.
1848–Glassmaker and designer, Louis Comfort Tiffany, is born in New York, New York. Tiffany's first interest was painting. In his 20s, after studying in New York and Paris, France, he became interested in glass and the decorative arts. Perhaps the best known of American Art Nouveau artists, Tiffany completely redecorated the White House for President Chester Alan Arthur, as well as designing the interior of Mark Twain's home in Hartford, Connecticut. He also designed a series of 11 stunning windows for the Brown Memorial Presbyterian Church in Baltimore, Maryland. Tiffany created a full line of home decor, working in blown glass, ceramics, enamels, mosaics, and metalwork, but he is best known for his iconic stained glass lamps. He was the son of Charles Lewis Tiffany, founder of Tiffany & Co.
1850–The California Legislature creates nine Bay Area counties.
1861–In Montgomery, Alabama, Jefferson Davis is inaugurated as the provisional President of the Confederate States of America.
1861–With Italian unification almost complete, Victor Emmanuel II of Piedmont, Savoy, and Sardinia assumes the title of King of Italy.
 1862–Businessman, Charles M. Schwab, is born Charles Michael Schwab in Williamsburg, Pennsylvania. He co-founded Bethlehem Steel. Under his leadership, the company became the second largest steel maker in the United States, and one of the most important heavy manufacturers in the world.
1865–In the American Civil War, Union forces, under Major General William T. Sherman, set the South Carolina State House on fire during the burning of Columbia.
1871–Metallurgist, Harry Brearley, is born in Sheffield, England. He invented stainless steel.
1873–Bulgarian revolutionary leader, Vasil Levski, is executed by hanging by the Ottoman authorities in Sofia.
1878–Rancher and merchant, John Tunstall, dies during an ambush by outlaw Jesse Evans (and others), at age 25, sparking the Lincoln County War in Lincoln County, New Mexico. He had became a prominent figure in New Mexico, and was the first man killed in the infamous land stuggle. During his time in New Mexico, Tunstall regularly corresponded with his family in London, England. Frederick Nolan collected those letters into The Life and Death of John Henry Tunstall, a bedrock work in the historiography of the Lincoln County War. The English actor, Terence Stamp, played Tunstall in the 1988 film Young Guns.
1884–The Moscow police seize all copies of Count Leo Tolstoy's What I Believe In from the printer.
 1885–Mark Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is published. One of the illustrations of this first issue was deemed vulgar, showing Judge Thacker exposing himself to Huck and saying, "What do you think of that?" Copies of this edition are rare and quite valuable.
1886–David Rudabaugh dies of gunshot wounds and decapitation in Parral, Chihuahua, Mexico, at age 31. He was an outlaw and gunfighter in the American Old West. Dave Rudabaugh was played by actor, Christian Slater, in the movie Young Guns II: in the film his character is known as "Arkansas Dave,” although he never used that name. It also appears that Rudabaugh did not actually participate in the Lincoln County War.
1890–Actor, Adolphe (Jean) Menjou, is born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. His career spanned both silent films and talkies. He appeared in the films The Sheik, The Three Musketeers, Bella Donna, A Farewell to Arms, Little Miss Marker, A Star Is Born, Stage Door, Golden Boy, Step Lively, State of the Union, Bundle of Joy, and Pollyanna.
1892–Politician, Wendell Willkie, is born Lewis Wendell Willkie in Elwood, Indiana. He was the 1940 Republican candidate for president. His Democratic opponent, incumbent President Franklin D. Roosevelt, won the election with 55% of the popular vote.
1895–Football player, George Gipp, is born in Laurium, Michigan. He played for the University of Notre Dame and had the nickname “The Gipper.” It was on his hospital deathbed that he is purported to have delivered the famous, "win one for the Gipper" line to Knute Rockne, the coach for Notre Dame. He said: "I've got to go, Rock. It's all right. I'm not afraid. Some time, Rock, when the team is up against it, when things are wrong and the breaks are beating the boys, ask them to go in there with all they've got and win just one for the Gipper." Ronald Reagan, who in 1940 portrayed Gipp in the film Knute Rockne, All American, was often referred to as "The Gipper."
 1896–The Cave of Winds at Niagara Falls goes almost dry for first time in 50 years.
1896–Surrealist writer, André Breton, is born in Tinchebray, France. His 1924 Manifeste du Surréalisme will provide the definition of Surrealism, which will be followed by Paul Éluard, Yosef Agnon, Luis Bunuel, Dali, Aragon, Jean Cocteau, among others. In his novel, Nadja, he defines Surrealist thought as “pure psychic automatism, by which it is intended to express, whether verbally or in writing, or in any other way, the real process of thought.”
1898–Sportscar designer, Enzo (Anselmo) Ferrari, is born in Modena, Italy. He was the designer the Ferrari automobile.
1898–Luis Muñoz Marín, poet and politician, is born José Luis Alberto Muñoz Marín in San Juan, Puerto Rico. He was the first Governor of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, spearheading an administration that engineered profound economic, political, and social reforms.
1900–In the Second Boer War, Imperial forces suffer their worst single-day loss of life on Bloody Sunday, the first day of the Battle of Paardeberg.
1901–H. Cecil Booth patents a dust removing suction cleaner.
1902–American jewelry icon, Charles Lewis Tiffany, dies in Yonkers, New York, at age 90. A man of many accomplishments, Tiffany considered one of his greatest achievements to be his collaboration with Thomas Edison to create foot lights and other means of electric lighting for theaters.
1906–Édouard de Laveleye forms the Belgian Olympic Committee in Brussels, Belgium.
 1906–Physician and psychologist, Hans Asperger, is born Johann Friedrich Karl Asperger in Hausbrunn, Austria-Hungary. He was a pediatrician, medical theorist, and medical professor. He is best known for his early studies of mental disorders, especially in children. Asperger's Syndrome, a condition on the spectrum of autism, was named after Hans Asperger and officially recognized in the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in 1994.
1906–John Batterson Stetson, inventor of the cowboy hat, dies in DeLand, Florida, at age 75. He founded the John B. Stetson Company as a manufacturer of headwear, and the company's hats are now commonly referred to simply as Stetsons. The cowboy hat is truly an example of form following function: today’s cowboy hat has remained basically unchanged in construction and design since the first one was created in 1865.
1907–Character actor, Billy De Wolfe, is born William Andrew Jones in Wollaston, Massachusetts. He appeared regularly in guest roles on television, in shows such as The Dick Van Dyke Show, The Doris Day Show, Love American Style, and That Girl.
1911–The first official flight with airmail takes place from Allahabad, United Provinces, British India (present-day India), when Henri Pequet, a 23-year-old pilot, delivers 6,500 letters to Naini, about six miles away.
1913–Pedro Lascuráin becomes President of Mexico for 45 minutes. This is the shortest term of any person as president of any country.
1913–Raymond Poincar becomes President of France.
 1914–Country singer, Pee Wee King, is born Julius Frank Anthony Kuczynski in Abrams, Wisconsin. In 1946, while the bandleader of the Golden West Cowboys, King, together with the band's vocalist, Redd Stewart, composed The Tennessee Waltz, which would become a country standard. His other songs were Bonaparte’s Retreat, Slow Poke, Changing Partners, and Bimbo. He was inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1970, and the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1974.
1915–Outlaw, Frank James, of the infamous James Gang, dies in Kearney, Clay County, Missouri, at age 72. He was the brother of fellow outlaw, Jesse James.
1919–Actor, Jack Palance, is born Volodymyr Jack Palahniuk in Hazle Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania. In 1947, Palance made his Broadway debut, and three years later he made his screen debut in the movie Panic in the Streets. He also appeared in the films Halls of Montezuma, Sudden Fear, Shane, The Silver Chalice, The Big Knife, Once a Thief, Monte Walsh, Oklahoma Crude, Without Warning, Bagdad Cafe, Young Guns, Batman, Tango & Cash, and City Slickers.
1920–TV game show host, Bill Cullen, is born William Lawrence Francis Cullen in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He hosted over 20 different games shows during his career. He also became a regular panelist on the game shows I've Got a Secret and To Tell the Truth. Cullen had physical disabilities that were unknown to the general public due to the creative set design of his shows. The games' structures, props, and any physical movements by contestants were deliberately arranged so that Cullen could, for the most part, remain stationary. Rather than the grand entrance common for most game show hosts, Cullen would begin each show either already seated or hidden on set behind a sign or podium so that he would have to take only a minimum amount of steps.
 1922–Politician, Eric (Matthew) Gairy, is born in Dunfermline, Grenada. He was the first Prime Minister of Grenada.
1922–Editor and writer, Helen Gurley Brown, is born in Portland, Maine. Her first book, Sex and the Single Girl, was an immediate hit. Three years later in 1965, Brown was named editor of the languishing women's magazine Cosmopolitan, which she quickly revamped into a slick, extended advice column for young, single, urban working women.
1925–Actor, George Kennedy, is born George Harris Kennedy, Jr. in New York, New York. He appeared in the films Spartacus, Lonely are the Brave, Charade, Strait-Jacket, Hush Hush Sweet Charlotte, In Harm’s Way, Shenandoah, The Sons of Katie Elder, The Dirty Dozen, Cool Hand Luke, The Boston Strangler, Airport, Thunderbolt and Lightfoot, Earthquake, Modern Romance, and The Naked Gun: From the Files of Police Squad!
1927–Politician, John (William) Warner, is born in Washington, D.C. He was a five-term U.S. Senator from Virginia from 1979 to 2009. He is a veteran of World War II; one of only five serving in the Senate at the time of his retirement. He was married to actress, Elizabeth Taylor, prior to be being elected Senator.
1930–Photographic evidence of Pluto, the ninth planet of our solar system, is discovered by Clyde W. Tombaugh at Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona.
 1930–Elm Farm Ollie becomes the first cow to fly in a fixed-wing aircraft and also the first cow to be milked in an aircraft.
1931–Author, Toni Morrison, is born Chloe Ardelia Wofford in Lorain, Ohio. Her novels are known for their epic themes, vivid dialogue, and richly detailed characters. She won the Pulitzer Prize in 1988 for Beloved, and the Nobel Prize in 1993. Her other books include Sula, Song of Solomon, Tar Baby, Jazz, and Paradise.
1932–The Empire of Japan declares a puppet state of Manzhouguo (the obsolete Chinese name for Manchuria) independent from the Republic of China, installing former Chinese Emperor, Aisin-Gioro Puyi, as Chief Executive of the State.
1932–Movie director, Milos Forman, is born Jan Tomas Forman in Caslav, Czechoslovakia. Forman lost his Jewish father and Protestant mother to Hitler's concentration camps. Raised by family members, he studied at the Academy of Music and Dramatic Art in Prague. Already an award-winning filmmaker, thanks to his short subjects, Forman moved to France, and finally Hollywood. His films include One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, Hair, Ragtime, Amadeus, Heartburn, Valmont, and Man on the Moon.
 1933–Avant-garde artist, Yoko Ono, is born in Tokyo, Japan. Her second husband was musician, John Lennon and their son is musician, Sean Lennon. Her most famous performance art is “Cut Piece.” She also wrote a book entitled, Grapefruit, which Lennon helped to heavily promote in the early 1970s. She is best remembered from the two Bed-Ins for Peace that she and John Lennon hosted for the worldwide press in 1969. Her albums include Yoko Ono: Plastic Ono Band, Fly, Approximately Infinite Universe, Feeling the Space, and Season of Glass.
1934–Musician, Skip Battin, is born Clyde Battin in Gallipolis, Ohio. He worked with The Byrds, (New Riders of the Purple Sage, and The Flying Burrito Brothers. Prior to that, he had two hits as Skip & Flip with It Was I and their cover of Cherry Pie.
1936–Author, Jean Marie Auel, is born Jean Marie Untinen in Chicago, Illinois. She is best known for the series of “Earth's Children” novels, that are set in prehistoric Europe exploring the interactions of Cro-Magnon people with Neanderthals. Of these, The Clan of the Cave Bear was nominated for numerous literary awards, including an American Booksellers Association nomination for best first novel.
1938–In the Second Sino-Japanese War, during the Nanking Massacre the Nanking Safety Zone International Committee is renamed "Nanking International Rescue Committee" and the safety zone in place for refugees falls apart.
1939–The Golden Gate International Exposition opens in San Francisco, California.
1939–Singer-songwriter, Bobby Hart, is born Robert Luke Harshman in Phoenix, Arizona. He was half of the duo Boyce and Hart (with Tommy Boyce). They were a prolific songwriting team, best known for the songs they wrote for The Monkees, which included (Theme from ) The Monkees, Last Train to Clarksville, and I’m Not Your Stepping Stone. Every original Monkees album included Boyce and Hart songs. Their hits as performers include I Wonder What She’s Doing Tonight, Alice Long, and I’m Gonna Blow You a Kiss in the Wind.
1941–Singer, Irma Thomas, is born Irma Lee in Ponchatoula, Louisiana. Her hits includde It’s Too Soon to Know and Time is on My Side.
1942–The Imperial Japanese Army begins the systematic extermination of perceived “hostile elements” among the Chinese in Singapore.
 1942–The Mills Brothers have one of their greatest hits, as Paper Doll is released on Decca. The other two classics by the vocal group are You Always Hurt The One You Love and Glow Worm.
1943–The Nazis arrest the members of the White Rose movement.
1943–Joseph Goebbels delivers his Sportpalast speech.
1946–Sailors of the Royal Indian Navy mutiny in Bombay harbor, from where the action spreads throughout the Provinces of British India, involving 78 ships, 20 shore establishments, and 20,000 sailors.
1947–In the first Indochina War, the French gain complete control of Hanoi after forcing the Viet Minh to withdraw to the mountains.
1947–Princess Christina of the Netherlands is born at Soestdijk Palace, Baarn, Netherlands.
1947–Dennis DeYoung, of Styx, is born in Chicago, Illinois. DeYoung has been credited as the writer of more Styx songs than any other Styx member. Their hits include Babe, Lady, and Come Sail Away.
1950–Model and televison host, (Cynthia) Cristina Ferrare, is born in Cleveland, Ohio. In November 19, 2012, Ferrare joined the revamped Home and Family Show on its new network The Hallmark Channel. She was married to automobile executive, John DeLorean.
 1950–Movie director, John Hughes, is born John Wilden Hughes, Jr. in Lansing, Michigan. His films include Mr. Mom, National Lampoon’s Vacation, Sixteen Candles, The Breakfast Club, Weird Science, Pretty in Pink, Ferris Bueller’s Day Off, Some Kind of Wonderful, Planes, Trains and Automobiles, Uncle Buck, Home Alone, Beethoven, and Maid in Manhattan.
1950–Actress, Cybill (Lynne) Shepherd, is born in Memphis, Tennessee. She starred in two TV shows, Moonlighting and Cybill. She appeared in the films The Last Picture Show, The Heartbreak Kid, Taxi Driver, Chances Are, Texasville, and Married to It.
1952–The 4th Annual Primetime Emmy Awards announces its winners. Best Dramatic Show: Studio One; Best Comedy Show: The Red Skelton Show; Best Variety Show: Your Show of Shows; Best Actor: Sid Caesar; Best Actress: Imogene Coca; Best Comedian or Comedienne: Red Skelton. The ceremonies are held at the Cocoanut Grove in the Ambassador Hotel, Los Angeles, California. The hosts are Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz. This is the first year that nominations were considered on a national television network basis. Previously, the Emmys were primarily given out to shows that were produced or aired in the Los Angeles area.
1952–Singer, Juice Newton, is born Judy Kay Newton in Lakehurst, New Jersey. She had a big hit with Queen of Hearts.
 1953–Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz sign a contract worth $8 million to continue the I Love Lucy TV show through 1955. The deal is the biggest in television history.
1953–The new fad in America is 3-D films, as demonstrated by the movie, Bwana Devil. The three-dimensional feature opens at Loew’s State Theatre in New York City. Arch Oboler directed the movie, which starred Robert Stack and Barbara Britton.
1953–Robbie Bachman, of Bachman-Turner Overdrive, is born Robin Peter Kendall Bachman in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. The band’s hits include Let It Ride, Takin' Care of Business, and You Ain't Seen Nothin' Yet.
1954–The Church of Scientology is established in Los Angeles, California.
 1954–Actor-singer, John (Joseph) Travolta, is born in Englewood, New Jersey. He got his start playing Vinnie Barbarino in the 1970s sitcom, Welcome Back, Kotter. He appeared in the films The Boy in the Plastic Bubble, Carrie, Saturday Night Fever, Moment by Moment, Grease, Urban Cowboy, Blow Out, Staying Alive, Perfect, Look Who’s Talking, Pulp Fiction, Get Shorty, White Man’s Burden, Michael, Phenomenon, A Civil Action, Primary Colors, Ladder 49, Wild Hogs, and Hairspray. He is married to actress, Kelly Preston.
1955–In Operation Teapot, the test shot "Wasp" is successfully detonated at Nevada Test Site, with a yield of 1.2 kilotons. Wasp is the first of 14 shots in the Teapot series.
1957–Kenyan rebels leader, Dedan Kimathi, is executed by the British colonial government.
1957–Walter James Bolton is the last person legally executed in New Zealand.
1957–Vanna White, “letter turner” on the game show, Wheel of Fortune, is born Vanna Marie Rosich in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina.
1959–What'd I Say (Parts I & II) is recorded by Ray Charles.
1960–The VIII Winter Olympic Games open in Squaw Valley, California.
1960–Actress, Greta Scacchi, is born Greta Gracco in Milan, Italy. She appeared in the films Hat and Dust, The Coca-Cola Kid, Presumed Innocent, Shattered, The Player, The Browning Version, Jefferson in Paris, and Emma. She was married to actor, Vincent D'Onofrio.
 1964–While in Miami, Florida, on their first visit to America, The Beatles meet up with boxer, Cassius Clay, who is training for an upcoming bout with Sonny Liston. It presents a perfect photo op for both parties, although John Lennon complains bitterly about being made a fool by having to pose with the boxer.
1964–Actor, Matt Dillon, is born Matthew Raymond Dillon in New Rochelle, New York. He appeared in the films My Bodyguard, Little Darlings, Tex, Rumble Fish, The Outsiders, The Flamingo Kid, Kansas, Drugstore Cowboy, A Kiss Before Dying, Singles, The Saint of Fort Washington, To Die For, Grace of My Heart, and There’s Something About Mary. His brother is actor, Kevin Dillon.
1965–Gambia becomes independent from the United Kingdom.
1965–Rapper, Dr. Dre, is born Andre Romelle Young in Compton, California. He is a record producer and entrepreneur. He was previously the co-owner of, and an artist on, Death Row Records. He has produced albums for and overseen the careers of many rappers, including Snoop Dogg, Eminem, Xzibit, 50 Cent, The Game, and Kendrick Lamar.
 1966–Robert Rossen, screenwriter, producer, and director, dies following a series of illnesses in New York, New York, at age 57. His films include Blues in the Night, A Walk in the Sun, The Strange Love of Martha Ivers, All the Kings’s Men, The Hustler, and Lilith.
1967–Physicist, Robert J. Oppenheimer, creator of the atomic bomb, dies of cancer in Princeton, New Jersey, at age 62. The first atomic bomb was detonated on July 16, 1945, in the Trinity test in New Mexico. Oppenheimer remarked later that it brought to mind words from the Bhagavad Gita: "Now I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds."
1968–The X Winter Olympic Games close at Grenoble, France.
1968–Guitarist, Dave Gilmour, joins the progressive rock group, Pink Floyd, replacing founder Syd Barrett (who checks into a psychiatric hospital before going into seclusion).
1968–The British adopt year-round Daylight Savings Time.
1968–Actress, Molly (Kathleen) Ringwald, is born in Roseville, California. She appeared in the films Tempest, Sixteen Candles, The Breakfast Club, Pretty in Pink, The Pick-up Artist, For Keeps, Fresh Horses, and Betsy’s Wedding.
1969–Bee Gee, Maurice Gibb, marries Scottish singer, Lulu, at St. James' Church in Gerrard's Cross, England. The ceremony brings out 3,000 onlookers.
1969–Hawthorne Nevada Airlines Flight 708 crashes into Mount Whitney, killing everyone on board.
1970–The Chicago Seven are found not guilty of conspiring to incite riots at the 1968 Democratic National Convention.
1972–The California Supreme Court declares the death penalty cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the state constitution. One hundred and seven inmates were taken off death row (among those spared by the ruling was Charles Manson).
1972–Neil Young receives a gold record for Harvest, the only #1 record of his lengthy career. The album includes the hit single, Heart of Gold.
 1973–Four men climb on stage during Elvis Presley's show in Las Vegas, Nevada, meaning to shake his hand. Fearing a threat to his life, Elvis and bassist, Jerry Scheff, immobilize the men using karate moves. No charges are filed.
1974–John Lennon and his girlfriend, May Pang, pay a 20-minute visit to Yoko Ono at the Dakota on her 41st birthday.
1977–The first space shuttle, Enterprise, makes its maiden flight (carried atop a Boeing 747), over the Mojave Desert.
1977–Actor, Andy Devine, dies of leukemia in Orange, California, at age 71. He appeared in more than 400 films and had the rare ability to move with ease from "B" Westerns to "A" pictures. His notable roles included 10 films as "Cookie," the sidekick of Roy Rogers. He appeared in the films Destry Rides Again, A Star Is Born, Stagecoach, Badlands of Dakota, Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves, The Red Badge of Courage, Pete Kelly's Blues, Around the World in 80 Days, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Two Rode Together, The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance, How the West Was Won, and It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World.
1978–The first Iron Man Triathlon is held in Kona, Hawaii.
1979–Snow falls in the Sahara Desert (in southern Algeria) for the only time in recorded history.
1980–Bill Wyman says he will leave The Rolling Stones in 1983.
 1980–Actor and basketball player, Neil Fingleton, is born in Durham, England. He was the tallest British-born man and the tallest man in the European Union (at 7 feet 7.56 inches in height). He was among the 25 tallest men in the world. He is best known for his role in the TV series Game of Thrones. He appeared in the films X-Men: First Class, 47 Ronin, and Jupiter Ascending.
1983–Thirteen people die and one is seriously injured in the Wah Mee massacre in Seattle, Washington. It is said to be the largest robbery motivated mass-murder in U.S. history.
1988–Anthony M. Kennedy is sworn in as a justice of the U.S. Supreme Court.
1991–The IRA explodes bombs in the early morning at both Paddington and Victoria stations in London, England.
1994–Peter Caddy, co-founder of the Findhorn Community, dies in a car accident in Germany, at age 76.
1995–Actress, Pamela Anderson, marries rocker, Tommy Lee (of Motley Crüe).
1998–Two white separatists are arrested in Nevada, accused of plotting a biological attack on the New York City subway system.
2001–FBI agent, Robert Hanssen, is arrested for spying for the Soviet Union. He will be convicted and sentenced to life in prison.
2001–Inter-ethnic violence between Dayaks and Madurese breaks out in Sampit, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. It will ultimately result in more than 500 deaths and 100,000 Madurese being displaced from their homes. Many Madurese victims are found decapitated by the Dayaks, showing the return of old Dayaks "Ngayau" culture, which was prohibited by the Dutch East Indies colonial governments in the early 20th century.
 2001–Racecar driver, Dale Earnhardt, dies in a crash during the final lap of the Daytona 500 in Daytona, Florida, at age 49. The race was won by Michael Waltrip, driving in a car that Earnhardt owned. Earnhardt’s son, Dale Earnhardt, Jr., finished second in the race.
2003–Nearly 200 people are killed in the Daegu subway fire in South Korea.
2004–Up to 295 people, including nearly 200 rescue workers, are killed near Nishapur, Iran, when a runaway freight train carrying sulfur, petrol, and fertilizer catches fire and explodes.
2007–Terrorist bombs explode on the Samjhauta Express in Panipat, Haryana, India, killing 68 people.
2010–WikiLeaks publishes the first of hundreds of thousands of classified documents disclosed by the soldier now known as Chelsea Manning.
2010–Joseph Stack flies his plane into the side of the Internal Revenue Service building in Austin, Texas. He is killed in the crash.
2013–Armed robbers steal a haul of diamonds worth $50 million during a raid at Brussels Airport in Belgium.
2014–At least 76 people are killed and hundreds of others are injured in clashes between riot police and demonstrators in Kiev, Ukraine.
2014–Austrian-American singer, Maria Franziska von Trapp, dies in Stowe, Vermont, at age 99. Her siblings were Rupert von Trapp, Agathe von Trapp, Werner von Trapp, Hedwig von Trapp, Johanna von Trapp, and Martina von Trapp. Along with her six siblings, father, and stepmother, Maria Augusta von Trapp, she was part of the Trapp Family Singers, who inspired the 1959 Broadway musical and the 1965 film The Sound of Music. She was the last survivor of the seven original von Trapp children.
2016–Venezuela, facing an economic crisis, raises the price of gasoline for the first time in 20 years.
2016–At least 71 people are killed in a head-on collision between a bus and a truck in Ghana.
2017–China's Ministry of Commerce suspends all coal imports from North Korea until the end of 2017, as part of international sanctions against North Korea over its ballistic missile program.
 2017–President Donald Trump (and First Lady Melania Trump) hold a huge “pep” rally in an airplane hanger at Orlando-Melbourne International Airport in Melbourne, Florida. Over 30,000 enthusiastic Trump supporters attend the event.
2017–Lisa Marie Presley’s twin daughters are taken into protective custody by The Department of Child and Family Services, amid claims of child abuse by her estranged husband, Michael Lockwood.
2017–Norma McCorvey, “Jane Roe” of the Roe vs. Wade abortion decision, dies of heart failure in Katy, Texas, at age 69. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that individual state laws banning abortion were unconstitutional. Later, McCorvey's views on abortion changed substantially and she became a Roman Catholic activist in the pro-life movement.
2017–Omar Abdel-Rahman (also known as the Blind Sheikh), convicted in the 1993 World Trade Center bombing, dies of diabetes and heart disease in his cell at a federal prison in Butner, North Carolina. In 2012, Egyptian president, Mohamed Morsi, called for Abdel Rahman to be transferred to Egypt for “humanitarian reasons” as part of a prisoner exchange with the United States. The request was denied.
2017–Drummer, Clyde Stubblefield, dies of kidney failure in Madison, Wisconsin, at age 73. He is best known for his work with soul singer, James Brown. Pop singer, Prince, was a major financial supporter, and had paid for about $80,000 of the drummer's health care costs, since Stubblefield had no health insurance.
2018–The Daytona 500 is won by Austin Dillon in Daytona Beach, Florida. Danica Patrick is out early due to crashing her car in the final NASCAR race of her career.
2018–An Iran Aseman Airlines ATR 72 commercial aircraft crashes near the Iranian town of Semirom, killing all 65 people on board.
PHOTOS TOP TO BOTTOM: Chart of the Kali Yuga; Michelangelo's art on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel; Swami Ramakrishna; John Tunstall; the cover of Mark Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn; Niagra Falls; vintage Stetson hat ad; Jack Palance; Helen Gurley Brown; the planet Pluto; Yoko Ono as a child; Cybill Shepherd; Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz; John Travolta; The Beatles with Cassius Clay; The Hustler poster; Andy Devine on a box of Kellogg's Sugar Pops; The Rolling Stones; Dale Earnhardt; and Trump rally in Melbourne, Florida.
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