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1935Singer-songwriter-producer, Sonny Bono, is born Salvatore Phillip Bono in Detroit, Michigan. As part of the duo, Sonny & Cher, he had five Top 10 hits. He had one hit single as a solo artist, Laugh at Me. The duos hits include Baby Dont Go, I Got You Babe, But Youre Mine, and The Beat Goes On. Sonny & Cher went on to TV (The Sonny & Cher Show) and nightclub work in the late 1960s and early 1970s. He was later elected mayor of Palm Springs, California, and then became a Congressman in the U.S. House of Representatives.
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116Emperor Trajan sends laureatae to the Roman Senate in Rome, Italy, on account of his victories and being conqueror of Parthia.
1032Emperor Yingzong of Song is born Zhao Zongshi in China.
1222Japanese monk, Nichiren, is born in the village of Kominato (now part of the city of Kamogawa), Nagase District, Awa Province (within present-day Chiba Prefecture). Nichiren taught devotion to the Lotus Sutra as the exclusive means to attaining enlightenment. Entitled Myoho-Renge-Kyo in Japanese, it contained Gautama Buddha's teachings towards the end of his life. This devotion to the sutra entails the chanting of Nam Myoho Renge Kyo (referred to as daimoku) as the essential practice of the teaching.
1249Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by Louis IX of France as his ambassador to meet with the Khagan of the Mongol Empire.
1270The Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeats the Livonian Order in the Battle of Karuse.
1279Afonso III of Portugal dies in Alcobaça, Kingdom of Portugal, at age 68.
1304Jayaatu Khan, Emperor Wenzong of Yuan, is born Tugh Temur in Mongolia. Apart from Emperor of China, he is regarded as the 12th Great Khan of the Mongol Empire or Mongols. He sponsored many cultural activities, wrote poetry, painted, and read the classical texts.
1391Byzantine Emperor, John V Palaiologos, dies in Constantinople, Byzantine Empire, at age 58.
1459Akshamsaddin, Ottoman religious scholar, poet, mystic saint, and guide of Mehmed the Conqueror, dies in at age 70. In addition to his fame in religious sciences and Tasawwuf, Akshemsaddin was popular in the fields of medicine and pharmacology.
1471Krishnadevaraya, Emperor of the Vijayanagara Empire, is born in Hampi, Karnataka.
1497Religious reformer, Philipp Melanchthon, is born Philipp Schwartzerdt in Bretten, Germany. He was a collaborator with Martin Luther in regard to the Protestant Reformation. Along with Luther, he is the primary founder of Lutheranism.
1568The entire population of the Netherlands, three million people, are sentenced to death for heresy by the Roman Catholic Church.
1630Dutch forces, led by Hendrick Lonck, capture Olinda in what was to become part of Dutch Brazil.
1646The Battle of Torrington, Devon, is the last major battle of the first English Civil War.
1699The first Leopoldine Diploma is issued by the Holy Roman Emperor, recognizing the Greek Catholic clergy enjoyed the same privileges as Roman Catholic priests in the Principality of Transylvania.
1740Typographer, Giambattista Bodoni, is born in Savoy, Italy. He was a type designer, compositor, printer, and publisher. There have been several modern revivals of his typefaces, all called Bodoni. They are often used as display faces. The Bodoni Museum, named for the artisan, was opened in Parma, Italy, in 1963.
1742Spencer Compton, Earl of Wilmington, becomes British Prime Minister.
1754Physician, Richard Mead, dies in Bloomsbury, England, at age 80. His work, A Short Discourse concerning Pestilential Contagion and the Method to be used to prevent it (1720), was of historic importance in the understanding of transmissible diseases.
1786Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia is born Maria Pavlovna Romanova in Saint Petersburg, Empire of All the Russias.
1802Phineas (Parkhurst) Quimby, mystic and philosopher, is born in Lebanon, New Hampshire. He was a magnetizer, mesmerist, healer, and inventor, whose work is widely recognized as leading to the New Thought movement. He was also a watch and clockmaker by trade and held several patents for mechanical devices. The name Phineas Quimby appears in Vladimir Nabokov's novel, Lolita, in a list of names that Humbert Humbert reads in hotel registries during his frantic search for his nymphette after she is lost.
1804In the First Barbary War, Stephen Decatur leads a raid to burn the pirate-held frigate USS Philadelphia.
1843Engineer, Henry M. Leland, is born Henry Martyn Leland in Barton, Vermont. He was a machinist, inventor, and automotive entrepreneur. He founded the two premier American luxury automotive marques, Cadillac and Lincoln.
1852The Studebaker Brothers wagon company is established. They would later manufacture the Studebaker automobiles.
1852Charles Taze Russell, founder of the Jehovah's Witnesses, is born in Allegheny, Pennsylvania. He was a prominent early 20th-century Christian restorationist minister and founder of what is now known as the Bible Student movement, from which Jehovah's Witnesses and numerous independent Bible Student groups emerged after his death.
1862During the American Civil War, General Ulysses S. Grant captures Fort Donelson, Tennessee.
1866Spencer Compton Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington, becomes British Secretary of State for War.
1874The silver dollar becomes legal U.S. tender.
1878Pamela Colman Smith, occultist and illustrator, is born in Pimlico, London, England. She is best known for illustrating the Waite-Smith deck of divinatory tarot cards (also called the Rider-Waite or the Rider-Waite-Smith deck) for Arthur Edward Waite. It has endured as the world's most popular 78-card tarot deck. The innovative cards depict full scenes with figures and symbols on all of the cards, including the pips, and Smith's distinctive drawings have become the basis for the design of many subsequent packs.
1881The Canadian Pacific Railway is incorporated by an Act of Parliament in Ottawa, Canada.
1883The Ladies Home Journal begins publication.
1896Super-centenarian, (Anne) Eugénie Blanchard, is born in Saint Barthélemy, France. She would live to the age of 114 (and 261 days).
1899Iceland's first football club, Knattspyrnufélag Reykjavíkur, is founded.
1899Politician, Félix Faure, dies suddenly from apoplexy at the Élysée Palace in Paris, France, at age 58. He was the seventh President of France.
1903Ventriloquist, Edgar Bergen, the creator of the characters Charlie McCarthy and Mortimer Snerd, is born in Decatur, Michigan. His daughter is actress, Candice Bergen.
1907Princess Clémentine of Orléans dies Vienna, Austria, at age 89. She was the youngest daughter of Louis-Philippe I, King of the French, and his wife, Marie Amalie of the Two Sicilies. She was the mother of Ferdinand I, Tsar of Bulgaria.
1909Actor, (Eugene) Hugh Beaumont, is born in Eudora, Kansas. He is best known for the role of Ward Cleaver on the TV series Leave It to Beaver (19571963). He appeared in the films Du Barry Was a Lady, Strange Affair, Objective, Burma!, The Blue Dahlia, Lost Continent, Phone Call from a Stranger, The Member of the Wedding, The Mole People, and The Human Duplicators. Beaumont retired from show business in the late 1960s, launching a second career as a Christmas tree farmer in Grand Rapids, Minnesota.
1914Country singer, Jimmy Wakely, is born James Clarence Wakeley in Mineola, Arkansas. He was an actor and country Western music vocalist, and one of the last singing cowboys. In 1939, Wakely made his screen debut (with the Jimmy Wakely Trio) in a Roy Rogers Western Saga of Death Valley.
1918The Council of Lithuania unanimously adopts the Act of Independence, declaring Lithuania an independent state.
1918Patty Andrews, of The Andrews Sisters, is born Patricia Marie Andrews in Mound, Minnesota. The Andrews Sisters became the most popular female vocal group of the first half of the 20th century. The trio had the big hit Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy in 1941. Other hits were Bei Mir Bist Du Schön, Hold Tight, Hold Tight, Beat Me Daddy, Eight to the Bar, Don't Sit Under the Apple Tree, Straighten Up and Fly Right, and Rum and Coca Cola.
1921Politician, Hua Guofeng, is born Su Zhu in Jiaocheng County, Shanxi, Republic of China. He was the second Premier of the People's Republic of China.
1921Musical actress, Vera-Ellen, is born Vera Ellen Westmeier Rohe in Norwood, Ohio. She appeared in the films The Kid from Brooklyn, Words and Music, On the Town, Three Little Words, Call Me Madam, and White Christmas.
1923In Egypt, Howard Carter unseals the burial chamber of King Tutankhamun.
1923Bessie Smith records Downhearted Blues for Columbia Records in New York City.
1926Film director, John Schlesinger, is born in London, England. His films include A Kind of Loving, Billy Liar, Darling, Far From the Madding Crowd, Midnight Cowboy, Yanks, The Falcon and the Snowman, Madame Sousatzka, and Pacific Heights.
1928Vaudeville entertainer, Eddie Foy, dies of a heart attack in Kansas City, Missouri, at age 71. Between 1910 and 1913, he formed a family vaudeville act, "Eddie Foy and The Seven Little Foys," which quickly became a national sensation. He was the father of entertainer, Eddie Foy, Jr.
1930The Romanian Football Federation joins the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA).
1931Singer-songwriter, Otis Blackwell, is born in Brooklyn, New York. Throughout his lifetime, Blackwell composed more than 1,000 songs, with worldwide sales of close to 200 million records. He wrote the songs All Shook Up, Dont Be Cruel, Fever, Great Balls of Fire, and Breathless.
1932Actress, Gretchen Wyler, is born Gretchen Patricia Wienecke in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. She appeared in the Broadway shows Guys and Dolls, Silk Stockings, Damn Yankees, and Bye Bye Birdie.
1933The Blaine Act ends Prohibition in the United States.
1934The Austrian Civil War ends with the defeat of the Social Democrats and the Republikanischer Schutzbund.
1934Author, August (Floyd) Coppola, is born in Hartford, Connecticut. He was an academic, film executive, and advocate for the arts. His father was composer, Carmine Coppola, and his son is actor, Nicholas Cage. His brother and sister are director, Francis Ford Coppola, and actress, Talia Shire. Among his nieces and nephews are director, Sofia Coppola, and actor, Jason Schwartzman.
1935Singer-songwriter-producer, Sonny Bono, is born Salvatore Phillip Bono in Detroit, Michigan. As part of the duo, Sonny & Cher, he had five Top 10 hits. He had one hit single as a solo artist, Laugh at Me. The duos hits include Baby Dont Go, I Got You Babe, But Youre Mine, and The Beat Goes On. Sonny & Cher went on to TV (The Sonny & Cher Show) and nightclub work in the late 1960s and early 1970s. He was later elected mayor of Palm Springs, California, and then became a Congressman in the U.S. House of Representatives.
1935Activist, Stephen Gaskin, is born in Denver, Colorado. He was a counterculture Hippie icon, best known for his presence in the Haight-Ashbury district of San Francisco, California, in the 1960s. His writing class evolved into an open discussion group known as Monday Night Class, which involved up to 1,500 students. The Class was held in "The Family Dog," an auditorium on the Great Highway on Ocean Beach in the Outer Richmond neighborhood of San Francisco, California. In 1970, Gaskin was part of a caravan of 60 vehicles that crossed the United States to settle in Summertown, Tennessee, forming a community called "The Farm."
1935Engineer, Bradford Parkinson, is born in Madison, Wisconsin. He is an inventor and U.S. Air Force Colonel best known as the father of the Global Positioning System (along with Roger L. Easton and Ivan A. Getting). In 2004, he was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame.
1936Elections bring the Popular Front to power in Spain.
1936The IV Winter Olympic Games close at Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany.
1937Wallace H. Carothers receives a U.S. patent for nylon.
1940In World War II, the German tanker Altmark is boarded by sailors from the British destroyer HMS Cossack and 299 British prisoners are freed.
1940Soul songwriter, Leon Ware, is born in Detroit, Michigan. Besides a solo career as a performer, Ware is best known for producing hits for other artists, including Michael Jackson, Quincy Jones, Maxwell, Minnie Riperton, and Marvin Gaye.
1941Kim Jong-il, Supreme Leader of North Korea (1994-2011), is born Yuri Irsenovich Kim in Baekdu Mountain, Japanese Korea.
1945In World War II, American forces land on Corregidor Island in the Philippines.
1946The first commercially designed helicopter is tested at Bridgeport, Connecticut.
1947Canadians are granted Canadian citizenship after 80 years of being British subjects. Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King becomes the first Canadian citizen.
1948NBC-TV presents the first daily newsreel telecast. The program is called 20th Century Fox Movietone News.
1950The longest-running prime-time game show, What's My Line?, debuts on CBS-TV.
1951Actor, William (Theodore) Katt, is born in Los Angeles, California. He starred in the the TV series The Greatest American Hero, and played the lead role in Pippin on Broadway. In the 1990s, he starred with his mother (who played Della Street) in a series of new Perry Mason TV movies. He appeared in the films Carrie, First Love, Big Wednesday, Butch and Sundance: The Early Days, Baby: Secret of the Lost Legend, and House. His parents were actress, Barbara Hale, and actor, Bill Williams.
1954Model-actress, Margaux Hemingway, is born in Portland, Oregon. At six feet tall, Hemingway experienced huge success as a model, including a million-dollar contract for Fabergé as the spokesmodel for Babe perfume in the 1970s. She also appeared on the covers of Cosmopolitan, Elle, Harper's Bazaar, and Vogue. She appeared in the films Lipstick, Killer Fish, Over the Brooklyn Bridge, and Inner Sanctum. She was the older sister of actress, Mariel Hemingway. Author, Ernest Hemingway, was their grandfather.
1956Great Britain abolishes the death penalty.
1957The "Toddlers' Truce," a controversial television blackout between 6:00 p.m. and 7:00 p.m., is abolished in the United Kingdom.
1957Actor, LeVar Burton, is born Levardis Robert Martyn Burton, Jr. in Landstuhl, West Germany. He is best known for the role of Kunta Kinte in the TV mini-series Roots. He appeared in the films Looking for Mr. Goodbar, Dummy, The Hunter, The Jesse Owens Story, and Ali.
1958Rapper and actor, Ice-T, is born Tracy Lauren Marrow in Newark, New Jersey. He has appeared in the films New Jack City, Ricochet, Surviving the Game, Johnny Mnemonic, and 3000 Miles to Graceland.
1959Fidel Castro is sworn in as Prime Minister of Cuba, after leading a guerrilla campaign that ousts right-wing dictator, Fulgencio Batista.
1959Tennis player, John McEnroe, is born John Patrick McEnroe, Jr. in Wiesbaden, West Germany. He is known for his shot-making artistry and volleying skills and for his confrontational on-court behavior, which frequently landed him in trouble with umpires and tennis authorities. He was married to actress, Tatum O'Neal (daughter of actor, Ryan O'Neal).
1960The U.S. Navy submarine USS Triton begins Operation Sandblast, setting sail from New London, Connecticut, to begin the first submerged circumnavigation of the globe.
1960Pete Willis, of Def Leppard, is born Peter Andrew Willis in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England.
1961Explorer 9 (S-56a) is launched.
1961The DuSable Museum of African American History is chartered.
1961China puts its first nuclear reactor into operation.
1961Andy Taylor, of Duran Duran, is born Andrew Arthur Taylor in Cullercoats, Northumberland, England.
1962Flooding in the coastal areas of West Germany kills 315 people and destroys the homes of about 60,000 others.
1963A U.K. chart topper: Please Please Me by The Beatles. It is the groups first #1 hit.
1964The Beatles' make their second live appearance on U.S. television on The Ed Sullivan Show, exactly one week after the first. Before an audience of 3,500 at the Deauville Hotel in Miami Beach, Florida, The Beatles perform She Loves You, This Boy, All My Loving, I Saw Her Standing There, From Me to You, and I Want to Hold Your Hand.
1964Actor, Christopher Eccleston, is born in Langworthy, Lancashire, England. He appeared in the films Shallow Grave, Jude, Elizabeth, A Price Above Rubies, and Lennon Naked.
1966France conducts an underground nuclear test at Ecker, Algeria.
1966Bluesman, Brownie McGhee, dies of stomach cancer in Oakland, California, at age 80. He was an African-American folk music and Piedmont blues singer and guitarist, best known for his collaboration with harmonica player, Sonny Terry.
1967Cowboy actor, Smiley Burnette, dies of leukemia in Encino, California, at age 55. He co-starred in the TV shows Green Acres and Petticoat Junction.
1968The first 911 emergency telephone system goes into service in Haleyville, Alabama.
1968Elvis Presley receives a gold record for his album of hymns, How Great Thou Art. Despite his popularity in the pop music world, Elvis would win only three Grammy Awards: one for this album, the Lifetime Achievement Award in 1970, and one for He Touched Me in 1972. He did, however, receive over a dozen Grammy nominations.
1969Country singer, Tammy Wynette, marries musician, George Jones.
1971Alan David Pasaro, the Hell's Angel who was tried and later acquitted for the stabbing death of Meredith Hunter at a Rolling Stones concert at the Altamont Speedway in 1969, sues the rock group, charging an invasion of privacy because the Maysles brothers' film of the event, Gimme Shelter, showed the stabbing.
1972Singer, Rick Nelson, begins his first British tour.
1972On day three of John Lennon and Yoko Onos guest-hosting of the The Mike Douglas Show, John performs with Chuck Berry, who he introduces as "my hero."
1972Actress, Sarah Clarke, is born in St. Louis, Missouri. She is best known for the role of Nina Myers on the TV series 24. She is married to actor, Xander Berkeley.
1977The USSR conducts a nuclear test at Sary Shagan.
1978The first computer bulletin board system is created. It is CBBS in Chicago, Illinois.
1979The USSR conducts a nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh.
1982Actor, Lee Majors, and actress, Farrah Fawcett Majors, are divorced.
1983The Ash Wednesday bushfires in Victoria and South Australia kill 75 people.
1985Hezbollah is founded.
1986The Soviet liner MS Mikhail Lermontov runs aground in Marlborough Sounds, New Zealand.
1987The trial of John Demjanjuk, accused of being a Nazi guard dubbed "Ivan the Terrible" in Treblinka extermination camp, starts in Jerusalem.
1989Actress, Jane Fonda, and activist-politician, Tom Hayden, separate after 16 years of marriage.
1990Musician, Ike Turner, is sentenced to four years in prison on 11 separate charges, including possession and transport of cocaine. He is released after serving 18 months.
1990Musician, The Weeknd, is born Abel Makkonen Tesfaye in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
1991Princess Alexandra of Luxembourg is born Alexandra Joséphine Teresa Charlotte Marie Wilhelmine in Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.
1991Contras leader, Enrique Bermúdez, is assassinated in Managua, Nigaragua.
1992The former silver Goodyear blimp is now painted yellow and blue.
1996A Chicago-bound Amtrak train, the Capitol Limited, collides with a MARC commuter train bound for Washington, D.C., killing 11 people.
1996Politician, Edmund G. "Pat" Brown, dies in Beverly Hills, California, at age 90. He was the 32nd Governor of California (1959-1967) and the father of the 34th and 39th Governor of California, Jerry Brown.
1996Brownie McGhee, one of the most important figures in the folk and blues revival, dies of stomach cancer in Oakland, California, at age 80. He was best known for his popular acoustic blues act of the 1950s and 1960s with harmonicist, Sonny Terry.
1998China Airlines Flight 676 crashes into a road and residential area near Chiang Kai-shek International Airport in Taiwan, killing all 196 aboard and seven people on the ground.
1999In Uzbekistan, a bomb explodes and gunfire is heard at the government headquarters in an apparent assassination attempt against President Islom Karimov.
1999Across Europe, Kurdish rebels take over embassies and hold hostages after Turkey arrests one of their rebel leaders, Abdullah Ocalan.
2001Film director, Howard W. Koch, dies from Alzheimer's disease in Los Angeles, California, at age 84. His films include The Manchurian Candidate, Come Blow Your Horn, Robin and the 7 Hoods, The Odd Couple, On a Clear Day You Can See Forever, Plaza Suite, and Ghost.
2001Sexologist, William Masters, dies of complications from Parkinson's disease in Tucson, Arizona, at age 85. He was a gynecologist, best known as the senior member of the Masters and Johnson sexuality research team. Along with Virginia E. Johnson, he pioneered research into the nature of human sexual response.
2004Singer, Doris Troy, dies of emphysema at her home in Las Vegas, Nevada, at age 67. She had a big hit with Just One Look in 1963.
2005The Kyoto Protocol comes into force, following its ratification by Russia. The Kyoto Protocol implements the objective of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to fight global warming by reducing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere to "a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system."
2005The National Hockey League cancels the entire 2004-2005 regular season and playoffs.
2006The last Mobile Army Surgical Hospital (MASH) is decommissioned by the United States Army.
2011The bookstore chain, Borders, files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection.
2013A bomb blast at a market in Hazara Town in Quetta, Pakistan, kills more than 80 people and injures 190 others.
2013English rocker, Tony Sheridan, dies after undergoing heart surgery in Hamburg, Germany, at age 72. The Beatles recorded with him in Hamburg, Germany, under the direction of Bert Kaempfert, before they became the most famous rock and roll band in history. The sessions produced Sheridan's My Bonnie and The Saints, and The Beatles' Ain't She Sweet and Cry for a Shadow, plus three other songs.
2015Pop singer, Lesley Gore, dies of lung cancer in New York, New York, at age 68. Her hits include Its My Party, Judys Turn to Cry, Shes a Fool, You Dont Own Me, and Maybe I Know.
2015A CSX train crashes in Mount Carbon, West Virginia, resulting in large fires in the area.
2016After more that 200 years, Mozart's and Salieri's lost cantata, Per la Ricuperata Salute di Ofelia, is discovered in Prague, Czech Republic.
2016Boutros Boutros-Ghali, politician and diplomat, dies in Cairo, Egypt, at age 93. He was the sixth Secretary-General of the United Nations.
2017A fisher (type of weasel), very rare for the area, is spotted in Iowa for the first time in 150 years.
2017According to Myanmar's military, it has ended its "clearance operation" against the country's Rohingya minority in Rakhine State, which the United Nations says may amount to ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity.
2017United Nations officials announce the creation of a new team in Geneva, Switzerland, to investigate possible war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide during the Syrian Civil War in order to prepare for future prosecutions of those responsible.
2017Hasbro announces that it is removing the thimble token from its iconic board game, Monopoly. A hashtag or emoji could replace that game piece in the next version of the game.
2017Walter Morrison, of Ohio Players and Parliament-Funkadelic, dies at age 62.
2018The special counsel probing Russian interference in the last presidential election charges 13 Russian nationals and three Russian groups with violating criminal laws with the intent of meddling with U.S. elections and political processes.
2018Former presidential candidate, Mitt Romney, announces that he will run for U.S. Senate in Utah to succeed Orrin Hatch, who is retiring.
2018A teenager is arrested for allegedly planning a school shooting in Everett, Washington. Police find a semi-automatic rifle hidden in a guitar case, along with bomb making equipment.
2018Three suicide bombers kill at least 20 people at a fish market in Konduga, Borno, Nigeria.
2018A 7.2 earthquake strikes near the town of Pinotepa Nacional and is widely felt across Southern and Central Mexico, causing damages in the states of Guerrero, Oaxaca, and Mexico City. It is followed by a 5.8-magnitude aftershock.
PHOTOS TOP TO BOTTOM: Philipp Melanchthon; Giambattista Bodoni; a U.S. silver dollar; Hugh Beaumont; Vera-Ellen; Eddie Foy; Sonny Bono with Cher; William Katt; Ice-T; The Beatles on The Ed Sullivan Show from Miami, Florida; John Lennon and Chuck Berry on The Mike Douglas Show; the redesigned Goodyear blimp; Brownie McGhee; Tony Sheridan; and Mitt Romney.
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